This section looks at those sections of the NPPG concerning design principles and there application to the assessment of cases.
Urban Design
PPS3 contains a section setting out the importance of urban design.
Although visual appearance and the architecture of individual buildings are clearly factors in achieving these objectives, securing high quality and inclusive design goes far beyond aesthetic considerations. Good design should:
– address the connections between people and places by considering the needs of people to access jobs and key services;
– be integrated into the existing urban form and the natural and built environments;
– be an integral part of the processes for ensuring successful, safe and inclusive villages, towns and cities;
– create an environment where everyone can access and benefit from the full range of opportunities available to members of society; and,
– consider the direct and indirect impacts on the natural environment.
This section was important and part of the Tibbalds principles, design control is not just about aestehitics of buildings but about the broader urban design of places. It needs to be retained in some form to ensure that the importance of urban design is not downgraded in the NPPF. I suggest a wording below.
Design Principles
Compared side by side.
NPPF |
PPS1 |
Policies in development plans and decisions on applications should aim to ensure that developments: |
Key objectives should include ensuring that developments: |
are sustainable, durable and adaptable and make efficient and prudent use of resources; |
are sustainable, durable and adaptable (including taking account of natural hazards such as flooding) and make efficient and prudent use of resources; |
ensure that a place will function well and add to the overall character and quality of the area, not just for the short term but over the lifetime of the development; |
ensuring a place will function well and add to the overall character and quality of the area, not just for the short term but over the lifetime of the development. |
optimise the potential of the site to accommodate development, create and sustain an appropriate mix of uses (including incorporation of green and other public space as part of developments) and support local facilities and transport networks; |
optimise the potential of the site to accommodate development, create and sustain an appropriate mix of uses (including incorporation of green and other public space as part of developments) and support local facilities and transport networks; |
|
create well-mixed and integrated developments which avoid segregation and have well-planned public spaces that bring people together and provide opportunities for physical activity and recreation. |
respond to their local context; |
respond to their local context and create or reinforce local distinctiveness; |
create safe and accessible environments where crime and disorder, and the fear of crime, do not undermine quality of life or community cohesion; and |
create safe and accessible environments where crime and disorder or fear of crime does not undermine quality of life or community cohesion; |
are visually attractive as a result of good architecture and appropriate landscaping. |
are visually attractive as a result of good architecture and appropriate landscaping. |
|
address the needs of all in society and are accessible, usable and easy to understand by them |
This section is almost identical to the existing, however
- The loss of reference to local distinctiveness is regretted. If the minister does not want legoland housing it should stay.
- Some points can be further edited down and duplication, including with the PPS1 urban design principles (which need to be retained in some form) avoided.
- The regrettable distinction in PPS1 between ‘high’ quality design and ‘acceptable’ landscaping should be avoid. In any event landscaping is something you do with a bulldozer, the reference should be to landscape design.
- The loss of all reference to inclusive design and avoiding segregated spaces is highly regrettable. The NPPF seems to have expunged all references to social inclusion.
Overall I would suggest the following wording, which wraps up urban design and design principles in one (& meet Prince Charle’s call for a top 10 list):
Decisions on applications should ensure that developments:
- Have visually attractive architecture – that is:-
- integrated with attractive landscape design of the spaces and public realm between buildings, creating a safe, inclusive and accessible environment for the whole community;
- creates as part of this, where reasonably appropriate, public and green spaces that people will want to use;
- optimise the potential of the site, supporting local facilities and sustainable transport;
- integrate with and connect to the existing settlement form, and integrate with and take opportunities to enhance the natural environment;
- are sustainable, durable and adaptable and make efficient and prudent use of resources;
- function well and add to the overall character and quality of the area, not just for the short term but over the lifetime of the development;
- vitalise the public realm, addressing, and not turn their back on streets, taking, where reasonably appropriate, opportunities for active street frontages and mix of appropriate uses;
- respond to their local context and create or reinforce local distinctiveness;
- are good neighbours, not causing unacceptable harm on issues such as overshadowing or overlooking.
Any local policies on design should be compatible with these principles. Design and access statements should show, succinctly, how these principles are met, and how they have shaped the submitted design solution.
Design Control
NPPF |
PPS1 |
Comment |
Local planning authorities should not attempt to impose architectural styles or particular tastes and they should not stifle innovation, originality or initiative through unsubstantiated requirements to conform to certain development forms or styles. |
Local planning authorities should not attempt to impose architectural styles or particular tastes and they should not stifle innovation, originality or initiative through unsubstantiatedrequirements to conform to certain development forms or styles. It is, however, proper toseek to promote or reinforce local distinctiveness particularly where this is supported byclear plan policies or supplementary planning documents on design. |
‘Forms or’ should be deleted. Otherwise both current and proposed new policy could be interpreted as outlawing form based zoning, one of the main innovations globally in planning in the last 20 years.Ministers have given speeches on how neighbourhood planning can be used to shape the form of areas. It also chimes with the governments keenness to give lesser importance to land use in comparison with design.The phrase ‘It is, however, proper to seek to promote or reinforce local distinctiveness’ should remain. |
Although visual appearance and the architecture of individual buildings are important factors, securing high quality and inclusive design goes beyond aesthetic considerations. Therefore, local planning authorities should address the connections between people and places and the integration of new development into the natural and built environment. |
Although visual appearance and the architecture of individual buildings are clearly factors in achieving these objectives, securing high quality and inclusive design goesfar beyond aesthetic considerations |
This is in the wrong place. An edited version of it should go in the section on design principles, with which it overlaps. |
Local planning authorities should refuse permission for development of obviously poor design that fails to take the opportunities available for improving the character and quality of an area and the way it functions. |
Good design should contribute positively to making places better for people. Design which is inappropriate in its context, or which fails to take the opportunities available for improving the character and quality of an area and the way it functions, should not be accepted. |
The importation of the phrase ‘obviously poor’ undoes all of the good work, it reimports a phrase from circular 22/80 specifically designed to downgrade design control and make it more difficult to refuse bad designs. This phrase makes an appeal extremely difficult to fight. You not only have to show that it fails to take opportunities for improvement but it is obvious that it is not so. Any barrister will say it is not obvious to me or my expert witness. This takes design control back more than 30 years. It is a catastrophe.The deletion of ‘inappropriate in its context’ implies this is ok.There is nothing wrong with the original wording, keep it. |
Where design of a particularly high quality is proposed, including innovative design, local authorities should encourage its development unless there is a compelling reason not to do so which is consistent with this National Planning Policy Framework. |
No equivalent section |
Why is this needed? Design is material consideration anyway, so good design always weighs in in favour of a scheme as a matter of law.It implies that good design can override fundamental planning policies, unless that policy is ‘compelling’ which are compelling and which are not? Could it override Green Belt for example. It is a legal nonsense and only good for lining the pockets of the appeal and legal industry . It should be struck out |
Developers will be expected to work closely with those directly affected by their proposals to evolve design proposals that take account of the views of the community. They should also recognise the benefits of considering the views of professional bodies. Proposals that can demonstrate good engagement with the community in developing the design of the new development should be looked on more favourably. |
No equivalent section |
The reference to early consultation and colloboration is welcome. ‘Where appropriate’ evolve would be better. Objections based on non-planning matters are not material.Should be reference to ‘Local Planning Authorities should be proactive in giving pre-application advice and, where appropriate drawing up design briefs and frameworks and giving design advice on draft neighbourhood plans, working collaboratively with development interests and local people. Any refusal to give advice on the acceptability of a design or the acceptable form and scale of development on a site, where asked for by a developer, will weaken the design case of the local planning authority at any subsequent appeal’.Should be reference to ‘Local design panels and, for larger schemes, the design council’ |
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